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Football 

Pitch Lines and Length

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Football Pitch

The pitch is rectangular in shape. The longer sides are called touchlines. The other opposing sides are called the goal lines. The two goal lines must be between 45 and 90 m (50 and 100 yard) wide, and be the same length. All lines on the ground must be equally wide, not to exceed 12 cm (5 inch).The corners of the pitch are marked by corner flags.

For international matches the field dimensions are more tightly constrained; the goal lines must be between 64 and 75m wide (70 and 82yds), and the touchlines must be between 100 and 110 m (110 and 120 yard) long.

Although the term goal line is often taken to mean only that part of the line between the goalposts, in fact it refers to the complete line at either end of the pitch, from one corner flag to the other. In contrast, the term byline (or by-line) is often used to refer to that portion of the goal line outside the goalposts. This term is commonly used in football commentaries and match descriptions, such as this example from a BBC match report: "Udeze gets to the left byline and his looping cross is cleared..."

Goals are placed at the centre of each goal-line. These consist of two upright posts placed equidistant from the corner flagposts, joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar. The inner edges of the posts must be 7.32 meters (8 yard) apart, and the lower edge of the crossbar must be 2.44 meters (8 ft) above the ground. As a result, the area that players have to shoot at is 17.86 sq. meters (192 sq. feet).Nets are usually placed behind the goal, though are not required by the Laws.

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Goalposts and Crossbars must be white, and made of wood, metal or other approved material. Rules regarding the shape of goalposts and crossbars are somewhat more lenient, but they must conform to a shape that does not pose a threat to players. Since the beginning of football there have always been goalposts, but the crossbar was not invented until 1875, before which a string between the goalposts was used.

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The centre circle is marked at 9.15 metres (10 yd) from the centre mark. Similar to the penalty arc, this indicates the minimum distance that opposing players must keep at Kick-off: the ball itself is placed on the centre mark.

During penalty shootouts all players other than the two goalkeepers and the current kicker are required to remain within this circle.

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The half-way line divides the pitch in two. The half which a team defends is commonly referred to as being their half. Players must be within their own half at a kick-off and may not be penalised as being offside in their own half. The intersections between the half-way line and the touchline can be indicated with flags like those marking the corners – the laws consider this as an optional feature.

 

 

The arcs in the corners denote the area (within 1 yard of the corner) in which the ball has to be placed for corner kicks; opposition players have to be 9.15 m (10 yd) away during a corner, and there may be optional lines off-pitch 9.15 metres (10 yards) away from the corner arc on the goal- and touch-lines to help gauge these distances.

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